What is a stone? Types, extraction and purpose of natural stones

In Dahl's dictionary

m. old Kamyk, Tver kama the general name for any solid fossil, except pure metals or crushed stone, bead. Several liquid and granular bodies, metals, and then stone of various types, make up the whole kingdom of fossils; the stone forms the entire thickness of the globe. Stones consist of salts (compounds of alkali and acid), and if their composition includes metal extracted by smelting, then the stone is called ore. Stone, honest, expensive, precious, semi-precious, used as an outfit, for decoration, old. honest stone. | The stone is sometimes significant. cliff, ridge, separate stone hill, mountain, rock; in Sib. mountain, ridge, mountain ridge; the whole Urals, the whole Yablonny ridge is called stone there; and Ural is also a belt stone. belt The deer were driven behind a stone, arch. beyond the mountains, to the Siberian side; wind from a stone, tob. west. | Star. weight, for some goods, such as a circle, a cut, a bunch. Wax, ginger, almonds are sold in stone. Pebble, pebble, pebble will diminish. stones, stones enlarged Pebbles, children's game, creams: they throw up pebbles, grab them from the ground and catch them in flight. Stone m. stone, stone cf. collect stones, many stones Wild stone, savage, boulder, cobblestone, granite; sandstone and limestone in places. Hellstone, lapis, silver nitrate. Blue stone, Prussian blue paint; | copper sulfate. Stone of stumbling, stumbling block; hindrance, temptation, difficulty. The Philosopher's Stone, the supposed secret of alchemists, turns base metals into gold. A drop is chiseling a stone. Need chisels the stone. The heart is not a stone. Money and stone are hammering. It was like a stone on my heart. A stone fell away from my heart. Throwing a stone into the water. Like a stone into water. He disappeared like a stone fell to the bottom. Like a stone (key, ax) to the bottom. This is a stone (block) on the neck. No stone was left unturned (or I won’t leave it). There is a dog, but no stone. I scattered two dogs with one stone. Money is like stones: it weighs heavily on the soul! Neither from the stone is the fruit, nor from the thief is the good. When the sand rises on the stone. Shooting at a stone only results in losing arrows. Sand over stone. Eat, my friends, fill your bellies up to your ears, like pebbles! You can't put a stone on your tooth. You can't pick the bast off a stone. He even removes basts from stones. The rich do not eat sugar, the poor do not gnaw at stone. A hungry man would bite off a stone. We pound from stone to stone. Lying in one place, the stone becomes covered with fur. The stone is not a person, but even that one is being destroyed. Against fire, even the stone will crack. The heat will cause the stone to crack. If you endure, the stone will crack. We will remain silent, and the stones will cry out. It’s better to chisel a stone than to teach your wife evil. A stone is not a piece of land, a dog is not a ram. He was born on a rock, naked. My heart is in you, and yours is in stone. Lord, put down a pebble, pick up a feather! talk about trouble. The stone is a refuge for hares and cowards; Psalm of David. A pebble grew up in a steep mountain. lying between satin and velvet! Whoever eats the white, flammable stone Alatyr will overcome my conspiracy. 33 crows are flying, carrying 33 stones, sitting under a tree, under a leaf? harrow. They throw stones into the water: if it grumbles, then the husband will be a grump. Get stones out of the ice hole, cast spells and tell fortunes about Christmas time. If you find a stone with a hole and hang it in a chicken coop, the chickens will be safe.

Stones for harmonizing the Family!

IP Gak Anna Andreevna April 23, 2022 Moscow

1. General Provisions

1.1. The policy regarding the processing of personal data (hereinafter referred to as the Policy) is aimed at protecting the rights and freedoms of individuals whose personal data is processed by Individual Entrepreneur Gak A.A. (hereinafter referred to as the Operator).

1.2. The policy was developed in accordance with clause 2, part 1, art. 18.1 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2006 No. 152-FZ “On Personal Data” (hereinafter referred to as the Federal Law “On Personal Data”).

1.3. The Policy contains information subject to disclosure in accordance with Part 1 of Art. 14 Federal Law “On Personal Data”, and is a publicly available document.

2. Information about the processing of personal data

2.1. The Operator processes personal data on a legal and fair basis to fulfill the functions, powers and duties assigned by law, to exercise the rights and legitimate interests of the Operator, the Operator’s employees and third parties.

2.2. The operator receives personal data directly from the subjects of personal data (hereinafter referred to as PD).

2.3. The operator processes personal data in automated and non-automated ways, with and without the use of computer technology.

2.4. Actions for processing personal data include collection, recording, systematization, accumulation, storage, clarification (updating, changing), extraction, use, transfer (distribution, provision, access), depersonalization, blocking, deletion and destruction.

3. Processing of clients’ personal data

3.1. The Operator processes personal data of clients within the framework of legal relations with the Operator, regulated by part two of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation of January 26, 1996 No. 14-FZ (hereinafter referred to as clients).

3.2. The operator processes personal data of clients in order to comply with the laws of the Russian Federation, as well as for the purpose of: receiving requests and applications from the subject of personal data; conclusion and execution of the terms of the contract.

3.3. The operator processes personal data of clients with their consent provided by clients and/or their legal representatives by performing implicit actions on this website, including, but not limited to, placing an order, registering in your personal account, subscribing to the newsletter, in accordance with this Policy.

3.4. The operator processes personal data of clients no longer than required by the purposes of processing personal data, unless otherwise provided by the requirements of the legislation of the Russian Federation.

3.5. The operator may process the following personal data of clients:

- Full Name;

- Address;

— Contact phone number;

- E-mail address.

3.6. Special categories of personal data are not processed:

3.6.1. relating to race, nationality;

3.6.2. political views, religious or philosophical beliefs;

3.6.3. health and intimate life.

4. Information about ensuring the security of personal data

4.1. When processing personal data, the operator takes the necessary legal, organizational and technical measures or ensures their adoption to protect personal data from unauthorized or accidental access to it, destruction, modification, blocking, copying, provision, distribution of personal data, as well as from other unlawful actions in regarding personal data.

4.2. Measures to ensure the security of personal data during their processing, applied by the Operator, are planned and implemented in order to ensure compliance with the requirements given in Article 19 of Federal Law-152 “On Personal Data”.

4.3. In accordance with Article 18.1 of Federal Law-152, the Operator independently determines the composition and list of measures necessary and sufficient to ensure compliance with legal requirements. The operator has in particular taken the following measures:

— legal, organizational and technical measures are applied to ensure the security of personal data in accordance with Article 19 of the Federal Law No. 152;

— internal control is carried out for compliance of PD processing with Federal Law No. 152 and the regulatory legal acts adopted in accordance with it, requirements for PD protection, the Operator’s policy regarding PD processing, and local regulations of the Operator;

— In addition to the requirements of 152-FZ “On Personal Data”, the Operator carries out a set of measures aimed at protecting information about clients, employees and contractors.

5. Rights of personal data subjects

5.1. The subject of personal data has the right:

— to receive personal data relating to this subject and information regarding their processing;

- to clarify, block or destroy his personal data if they are incomplete, outdated, inaccurate, illegally obtained or are not necessary for the stated purpose of processing;

— to withdraw the consent given by him to the processing of personal data;

- to protect their rights and legitimate interests, including compensation for losses and compensation for moral damage in court;

— to appeal the actions or inaction of the Operator to the authorized body for the protection of the rights of personal data subjects or in court.

5.2. To exercise their rights and legitimate interests, personal data subjects have the right to contact the Operator or send a request personally or with the help of a representative. The request must contain the information specified in Part 3 of Art. 14 Federal Law “On Personal Data”.

In Ozhegov's dictionary

STONE, -mya, plural. -mni, -mney and (obsolete and simple) -menya, -menyev, m. 1. Solid rock in pieces or a solid mass, as well as a piece, fragment of such rock. Throwing stones. On the heart of K. (translated: about a difficult mental state). K. fell from his soul (translated: mental relief came). Throw a stone at someone. (also translated: to unconditionally condemn, blame someone; disapproval). To keep K. in one's bosom (translated: to harbor a grudge against someone; colloquial). No stone can be left unturned. (translated: destroy to the ground). 2. In combinations: precious stone, semi-precious stone - a beautifully colored or colorless transparent mineral used for jewelry; ornamental stone is a beautifully colored mineral or rock used for making jewelry and art objects. 3. more often plural. Dense formation of salts and organic compounds in internal organs and ducts. Liver stones. Stones in the kidneys. *Who will throw the first stone? (book) - who, considering that he himself is sinless, will be the first to decide to condemn the guilty [according to the Gospel story about Jesus Christ, who told people about a sinner: “He who is without sin among you, be the first to throw a stone at her.”] Stumbling block (book) - hindrance, difficulty. || decrease pebble, -shka, m. (to 1 and 2 meanings) and pebble, -shka, m. (to 1 and 2 meanings). K. throw at someone. garden (to hint unkindly at someone; colloquial). Lie down like a pebble, get up like a pea (advice to fall asleep quickly and cheerfully, get up immediately; colloquial). || adj. stone, -aya, -oe (to I and 3 meanings). K. bag (translated: prison). K. century (period of primitive culture, characterized by the production of tools and weapons from stone and bone).

Where is rhodolite mined?

One of the most famous and profitable deposits of rhodolite is located in Africa, in Tanzania. Very high quality gems are mined in this country. Good samples are also brought from Kenya and Zimbabwe.

The mineral is also mined in Sri Lanka, the USA and Australia. Some of the countries in the Scandinavian region can boast of deposits.

In our places there are also fire crystals. They are found in Karelia and Yakutia, on the Kola Peninsula. Unfortunately, their quality is very inferior to African nuggets.

In Efremova's dictionary

Accent: stone m.

1. Any solid rock in the form of a single piece or continuous mass. A separate piece of this breed.
2. decomposition A valuable mineral used for decoration in jewelry.

Areas of application and care

Usually no one worries about jewelry, because it doesn’t last long. But jewelry is a completely different matter. Products made from expensive stone set in metal need good care.

How to handle the mineral:

• Give him dry baths (wipe with a napkin) to wash away the oil secreted by the skin.
• Bath the gem. A napkin is a useful thing, but if you have an uncut gem, it will be of little use. Rub the surface of the stone with a soft brush, after allowing it to liquefy in soap suds.
• Hide it from the sun (do not sunbathe with jewelry on). It's not just paintings that fade in the sun. This fate also awaits natural gems. Some may also crack.
• Consider weather conditions. Sun rays and high temperatures are harmful to the gem.

Various talismans are often made from rhodolite.
Rhodolite's ability to change color allowed him to make a career in the jewelry world. The spectacular gem is used to make pendants, earrings and bracelets, cufflinks, and tie clips. Often on jewelry you can see a whole scattering of stones, where larger ones are framed by small ones. They form intricate patterns that cause genuine delight among many.

The stone is used in the manufacture of ritual knives, figurines, personal amulets and family amulets.

In Vasmer Max's dictionary

kind of stone p. -mnya, Kamyk, pebble, Ukrainian. stone, kind P. Kamenyu, Old Russian, Old Slav. kama, gen. n. kamene πέτρα (Supr.), Bulgarian. Kamen, Kamik, Serbohorv. kami, kamen, sloven. kámen, kȃmik, Czech. kámen, b. n. kamene, slvts. kameň, Polish kamień, kamyk, v.-luzh., n.-luzh. kamjeń, lab. komói. Related: D.-W.-N., D.-Sax. hamar, other isl. hamarr "hammer", original, probably old. base on -r/n-; see Streitberg, IF 2, 419; Frenkel, KZ 63, 183 et seq.; Tsupica, GG 108. Along with I.-E. *kāmen- existed in I.-E. *akmen- and *aḱmen-, e.g. lit. akmuõ, -еñs “stone” along with ašmuõ, Latvian. asmens “edge, blade, blade of a knife”, Greek. ἄκμων, b. n. ἄκμονος “anvil”, Old Indian. ác̨mā m. “stone, rock”, ac̨marás “stone”, Avest., Old Persian. asman- “stone”; see Bernecker 1, 478; Trautman, BSW 5; M.–E. I, 144; Meillet, Et. 424.

An application that will help you determine the name of a mineral

Some stones are classified as minerals, so this application will also help you find the name of the stone. This encyclopedia is not inferior in completeness to the database described above, but surpasses it in functionality.

So, its functions are as follows:

• Search form.
• Ability to mark minerals as favorites.
• Different sorting directions.
• List filter.
• The ability to remove any minerals from the list, as well as add your own.
• Several high-quality photos in mineral cards that will help you identify the stone, as well as detailed descriptions, including chemical composition, properties, uses and more.
• It is possible to share the mineral on social networks or messenger.
• The app is free, but there are some ads.
• Russian language is available.

One drawback should be highlighted - the application seems unfinished, since there are non-working buttons, clicking on which will not lead to anything, and sometimes it can take too long. However, despite this, this encyclopedia has a large number of fans and many good reviews.

The application can be downloaded on Android from Google Play using this link. After installation, you can launch it and immediately see a list of minerals with small photos, and list controls - a search form, a button for sorting and filtering.

You can search for your stone using a photo, comparing it with the image in the list. You can enlarge each photo by touching one or another item on the list. There you can also see a more detailed description and more images.

If you have at least an approximate idea of ​​the name of the stone you found, then you can try searching for it in the search form by name. If you can attribute your find to any type, then a filter will help you, which will allow you to divide the list by type of minerals.

By clicking on the plus icon at the bottom right, you can add your mineral. To do this, click on the green button in the menu that opens.

If you click on the red one, you can edit or remove any mineral from the list.

You may be interested in: Identify an object from a photo.

In the dictionary D.N. Ushakova

STONE, stone, plural. stones, stones and (rarely) stones, and stones, stones, man. 1. only units, collected. Any rock that is hard, not malleable, and does not dissolve in water, in the form of a separate piece or mass. The streets are paved with stone. Stone gives way to reinforced concrete. 2. A separate piece of such a rock. A pile of stones (or rocks). The path is strewn with small stones. Gems. | (plural stones). Gemstone (colloquial). Pin with stone. All covered in stones, discharged. ***** 5. units only, portable Mental heaviness, grief (colloquial and poetic). There is a stone on my heart. A stone has been lifted from my soul. 6. (plural stones). Fossilized formation of morbid origin in internal organs (med.). Gallstones. Liver stones. • Leave no stone unturned (·rhetor.) - destroy to the ground (biblical expression). “The proletariat breaks it (the old apparatus of state power) to pieces, leaving no stone unturned.” Lenin. Throw a stone at someone (book) - condemn (from ancient execution - stone). Cornerstone - See cornerstone. Stumbling block - see stumbling" title='what is stumbling, the meaning of the word stumbling in Ushakov's dictionary'>stumbling. The stones are crying out - see crying out. Cream of tartar - see cream of tartar. Stone in the bosom (to hold) on someone or against someone (colloquial) - trans. about hidden anger towards someone, about a secret intention to take revenge, to harm someone - touchstone - see touchstone. To fall like a stone (fall, etc.) - to fall with the speed and weight of a falling stone. “Having fallen from a nearby tree, an old black-breasted sparrow fell like a stone in front of her (the dog’s) face.” A. Turgenev.

The effect of stone on health

Rhodolite is a fire stone. The element of fire has incredible power that few things can resist. Therefore, stones that carry fire have long been considered one of the strongest.

Traditional healers and lithotherapists often use the gem in their activities, achieving good results:

• fire crystals are recommended to be worn for problems with the gastrointestinal tract (they help improve digestion and treat gastritis);
• the stone strengthens the heart and purifies the blood;
• heals women from infertility, relieves labor pains;
• smoothes out the symptoms of hormonal changes on the eve of menopause;
• Helps cope with ailments such as sore throat and bronchitis.

Rhodolite is used not only at the time of the onset of the disease, but also before its appearance. Healers advise wearing a red crystal for prevention, because it strengthens the immune system and calms the nerves. And even modern doctors do not dare to argue with the fact that most diseases appear precisely from nerves.

In the dictionary Synonyms 4

aventurine, agate, adularia, aquamarine, actinolite, alatyr, alabaster, alexandrite, almandine, amazonite, amethyst, arkansas, bezoar, beryl, bentonite, turquoise, breccia, cobblestone, rubble, boulder, variolite, vesuvian, hairy, jet, pebble, heliodor, heliotrope, gemma, hyacinth, glavcolite, glysh, goremic, city, gravelite, garnet, granite, dickite, dravite, jadeine, intaglio, cabochon, kamenyuka, pebble, cameo, stones, stones, pebble, carbuncle, carnelian, quadr, quartzite, kigilyakh, clinker, stone, coral, cat's eye, flint, bloodstone, kunzite, labradorite, lapis lazuli, lazuli, lichenite, malachite, morion, marble, tombstone, jade, novaculite, obsidian, odontolite, onyx, orlets, touchstone, paragon , pechstein, flagstone, porphyry, heel, rapakivi, rauchtopaz, rhodonite, ruby, rust, gem, sapphire, sarder, sardonyx, selenite, carnelian, scagliol, emerald, sodalite, soapstone, rhinestone, building stone, teshenite, topaz, sharpener, tourmaline , poke, uvarovite, phenacite, phenolite, fluorite, chalcedony, chrysoberyl, chrysolite, chrysoprase, tsangambato, zircon, citrine, spinel, euclase, ethite, amber, yakhont, jasper

What are stones? Origin of stones

Stones are solid bodies that are non-living rocks. Most often, stones are formed from other stones. For example, if you drop a stone from a great height, it will break into many smaller stones.

Eruption

But there is another way to form them. During volcanic eruptions, lava, a substance heated to enormous temperatures, is ejected from the depths of the Earth to the surface. As it cools, stones form.

Russian standards

In our country they use the classification from 1973, which was created by V.Ya. Kievlenko:

Here the stones are classified in order of their value in relation to the price of the highest quality stone set on the world market.

The difference between stones and metals

Not every solid object in nature is a rock. There are also metals. For example, pavements are made from stone (this is a type of covering for city streets), and sewer manholes are made from metals. But how are metals and stones different?

It turns out that metal can be melted (to do this it must be heated very much) and poured into some form. After cooling, we will get a new metal object, and the properties of the material will be preserved. This process is called casting and is used in industry to make parts. But stones cannot be cast. Some stones simply burn when heated, while others change their properties too much. Metals have many other distinctive properties that are studied in physics and chemistry lessons.

The healing properties of rhodolite stone

Rhodolite stone is often used in lithotherapy.
Rhodolite has a calming effect. It has a positive effect on the nervous system. It has the power to relieve its owner from stress and insomnia. To do this, you need to look at the stone for some time. Its shade will lead to peace and complete relaxation.

Rhodolite is very useful for the stronger sex. The gem strengthens male power and treats various diseases. In addition, it awakens sexual desire.