Synonyms: Plomb brim, Braunbleierz of Zimapan, early authors. Chromate de plomb bran [according to the analyzes of Descotil] Brongnlart (2, 204, 1807) Vanainbleierz Rose (Ann. Rhys., 29, 455, 1833). Vanadinit von Kobell (283, 1838). Vanadate of Lead. Nem:. Vanadinspath, Vanadinbleispath. Cuprovanadinite Yanishevsky (Tr. Geol. exploration. Shst. AN SSSR, 109, 19, 1931).
Group
origin of name
The mineral, which is currently called vanadinite, was first discovered by A. M. del Rio (1764-1849), a professor at the Mexican School of Mines, in Simapan. An analysis made in 1801 showed 14.8% oxide of a new metal called erythron, which was later (1804) considered chromium, and the mineral itself was considered lead chromate. However, soon after Sefström discovered vanadium in iron ore from Taberg, Sweden, in 1830, Wohler showed that Professor del Rio's mineral was vanadate.
The English name of the mineral Vanadinite is Vanadiniti.
Chemical composition
Lead vanadate chloride, Pb5(VO4)3Cl. Both P and As replace V up to ratios of at least P : V = 1 : 4.7 and As : V = 1:1. Small amounts of Ca, Zn and Cu replace Pb.
Varieties
Arsenic. Endlihyte (Oenth and vom Rath (1885), Contains As replacing V with the ratio As:V = 1:1 in material from Hillsboro, New Mexico. The color is yellow in various shades with reduced refractive indices.
Crystallographic characteristics
Syngony. Hexagonal. С63/m. a0 10.31 kX, c0 7.34; a0:c0=1: 0.712.
Symmetry class . Hexagonal-bipyramidal - 6\m.
Crystal structure
Main forms : m, c, x, y, a, u.
Isostructural with pyromorphite - mimetesite.
Structure [edit]
Vanadinite is lead chlorovanadate with the chemical formula Pb 5 (VO 4 ) 3 Cl. It is composed (by mass) of 73.15% lead, 10.79% vanadium, 13.56% oxygen and 2.50% chlorine. Each vanadinite structural unit contains a chloride ion surrounded by six divalent lead ions at the corners of a regular octahedron, with one of the lead ions provided by the adjacent vanadinite molecule. The distance between each lead and chlorine ion is 317 picometers. The shortest distance between each lead ion is 4.48 Å. The octahedron has two opposite faces with the boundaries of adjacent vanadinite units, forming a continuous chain of octahedra. Each vanadium atom is surrounded by four oxygen atoms at the corners of an irregular tetrahedron. The distance between each oxygen and vanadium atom is 1.72 or 1.76 Å. Each of the lead octahedra is adjacent in a chain to three oxygen tetrahedra. [18]
Vanadinite crystals follow a hexagonal symmetry system. This internal structure is often reflected in the hexagonal external shape of the crystals. The crystals are usually in the shape of short hexagonal prisms, but may also be hexagonal pyramids, rounded masses, or crusts. The unit cell of vanadinite, the smallest divisible unit that has the same symmetry and properties, is a hexagonal prism. The unit cell of vanadinite consists of two of its molecules and has dimensions a
= 10.331 Å and
c
= 7.343 Å), where
a
is the length of each side of the hexagon, and
c
is the height of the prism.
The volume of each unit cell of vanadinite, given by the formula V = a
2
c
sin (60°), is 678.72 Å 3. [14]
Physical properties
Optical
Color orange-red, ruby-red, brownish-red in all directions; also reddish brown, brown, brownish yellow, yellow, pale straw yellow.
The streak is white or yellowish.
The luster is semi-resinous to semi-diamond.
Low tide
Transparency. Translucent to almost opaque.
Refractive indices
Ng = , Nm = and Np =
Mechanical
Hardness 3.
Density 6.88 for a substantially pure mineral; 6.92 (calc.), decreases when Pb is replaced by Ca; the given values range from 6.5 to 7.1.
Cleavage
The fracture is uneven to conchoidal.
Fragile.
Chemical properties
Easily dissolves in HNO3, forming a yellow solution; dissolves in HCl to form a green solution and a precipitate of lead chloride.
Other properties
Story
In 1801, a significant event occurred in Mexico - an unknown mineral was found. The discovery was made by Spanish-born mineralogist Andreas Manuel del Rio, who gave it the name “brown lead.” And only thirty years later, when it was classified as a new chemical element, it acquired a name in honor of the goddess of beauty Vanadis “vanadium”.
The mineral was first described in 1838, when its chemical composition was determined.
Artificial acquisition
By slowly cooling a melt of lead vanadate with excess lead chloride from a temperature of about 900° and by heating ammonium vanadate, lead chloride and excess ammonium chloride in a closed tube at a temperature of about 180°. Compounds containing Ca, Ba or Sr instead of Pb and Br instead of Cl have also been synthesized.
Diagnostic signs
Similar minerals
Associated minerals. pyromorphite, mimetesite, decloysite, mottramite, wulfenite, cerussite, anglesite, limonite.
Application
Crystal is often used for various purposes, not least of which is collecting. It was considered a popular mineral. Specimens from Morocco are especially beautiful.
- It is worth noting that the mineral is very rare. Therefore it cannot be used for industrial purposes. But extensive deposits of the mineral are sometimes used in industry as a source of vanadium.
- You can purchase jewelry with natural crystal, which is presented by modern jewelers in the form of rings, earrings, rings, pendants and pendants, bracelets and beads.
- To improve the mechanical quality of steel, alloying with vanadium is performed in production.
- In the process of producing sulfuric acid, the mineral is used as a catalyst.
- The mineral compound is used in the textile industry and for the production of ceramics.
Influence on Zodiac signs
This stone suits all zodiac signs. The exception is Virgos, who by nature are given to take care of health and order. As a result of wearing this stone, their inclination towards pedantry and cleanliness may become manic.
An amazing crystal is worn as a talisman in various life situations; it will allow you to concentrate your attention and make the right decision, and protect you from the negative manifestations of evil spirits.
Medicinal properties
The crystal is a disease detector, as it is able to notify the owner in advance of approaching diseases. At the same time, as a result of constant wearing, a person may experience sudden pain, which forces him to seek advice from a doctor. In this way, complications can be avoided. After the doctor prescribes a course of treatment and the person follows all the instructions, the pain stops and vanadium stops its active influence.
It is impossible not to note the ability of the stone to influence a person’s mental health. As a result of long-term studies of modern medicine, it was revealed that most diseases appear as a consequence of instability of the nervous system. Stress and conflicts, depression undermine human health. Constantly wearing vanadinite promotes calm. It, like a filter, lets through the negative emotions experienced by a person.
This stone allows the owner to cope with complexes and become more liberated, helps to look at the world more optimistically, and move towards the intended goal more boldly. It is ideal for those who suffer from chronic fatigue.
Place of Birth
Among the deposits it is necessary to note Berezovsk near Yekaterinburg, Ural, Russia; at Obir near Eisenkappel in Carinthia, Austria; at Bena e Padru in Sassarna, Sardinia. In Scotland at Wanlockhead, Dumfries, with smithsonite, also at Leadhills. Large crystals were found at Jebel Mahsureh near Ujjid, Morocco; also in Saida, Algeria, and Djebba, Tunisia. From Otteskop in the Marico region, Transvaal, and Djoue in the French Congo, Africa. At various locations in the Sierra de Cordoba, Argentina. Vanadinite was originally found in Simapan, Hidalgo, Mexico; also in the region of Santa Eulalia, Chihuahua.
In the USA, vanadinite is found mainly in the ore regions of New Mexico and Arizona. In Arizona, excellent examples have been found at the Old Yuma Mine in Pima County and the Red Cloud Mine in Yuma County (first noted by Silliman in 1881); also from the Globe district in Hilla district and at the Mammoth mine near Tiger (Schultz) in Painal district. In New Mexico, fine specimens (some high in arsenic) have been found in the Hillsborough and Lake Valley areas of Sierra County; also in remarkable specimens from the Caballos Mountains area of Sierra County and from the Central and Georgetown areas of Grant County. In California, at Camp Signal near Goffs in San Bernardino County and at the El Dorado Mine near Indio, Riverside County.
Talismans and amulets
Worn on the body, the stone helps the owner in making the right decisions, takes care of his safety, and protects physical and mental health. Develops communication skills and helps in achieving goals.
Vanadinite talismans will be useful for people who have bad habits - alcoholism, smoking, drug addiction, it helps to overcome addiction and believe in themselves.
Video review of a ring with vanadinite.
Vanadinite crystals should not be stored in sunlight because they darken with prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays.
Vanadinite is a rare and beautiful mineral with beneficial properties. It can decorate a collection of stones, become an original decoration or a reliable talisman.
About the stone
Vanadinite is an attractive stone with a deep orange color.
It got its name due to its chemical composition. During a detailed study in 1835, mineralogists noticed a significant percentage of vanadium in the composition and decided to reflect this property in the name. Sometimes in specialized literature this gem is called xdorvanadite or johnstonite.
Vanadinite belongs to the apatite supergroup. Its chemical formula is Pb5[VO4]3Cl. Sometimes it contains phosphorus or calcium as impurities. The lead in vanadinite gives the stone its characteristic diamond shine.
The mineral is fragile and soft, easily crumbles when pressed. Despite its relative fragility, this stone is quite heavy, which can be clearly felt when lifted in the hand.
The color of the mineral is very bright and rich. The most characteristic color of vanadinite is orange-red. However, there are also brown, yellow, and whitish specimens. It is rare, but still possible to see completely colorless varieties of stone.
Image gallery [edit]
- Vanadinite in hexagonal crystals
- Vanadinite, which does not have a characteristic red color
- A pile of thousands of crystals showing their hexagonal shape
- Vanadinite on barite, from Mibladene, Upper Moulouya lead district of Midelta, Dra-Tafilalet region, Morocco
- Vanadinite crystals (endlichite variation) from Touissit, Touissit District, Oujda-Angad Province, Oriental Region, Morocco
- Crystals of vanadinite and siderite from the province of Tauz Er Rashidiya, Draa-Tafilalet region, Morocco
STONES OF GRANDFATHER EVDENA
Old man Evden was already weak-eyed and was afraid to go far from home. But he was irresistibly drawn to the field, which began immediately behind the garden. He had known this field since childhood, so he could walk through it with his eyes closed and never stumble. If someone had said then that they would have to walk along it half a century later like this, almost blindly, they would not have believed it. He was a tall, strong guy, like all the children in the family of Sidor Palkin - three sons and three daughters - Ivan, Kalestinya, Fedor, Maremyana, Antonida and he - Evgeniy. His family name was Evden. Even when I lived alone, for many years my father and brothers plowed this black, greasy soil, first with a wooden plow, then with an iron ploughshare. And every time she made me happy! In the autumn there was a glorious harvest, and in the spring - semi-precious stones, which she threw away one after another on each run. Just don’t yawn, don’t doze, keep your eyes open and don’t miss a peplum pebble among the clods of earth. Evden loved to plow and harrow this land! And every time I returned home not with an empty pocket. First of all, to the old dugout log with water that stood at the gate for watering horses. The horses drink greedily, and he impatiently washes the stone and looks at the light - what color will it declare its insides to be? Then he goes to the hut to see Mother Paraskeva and his young wife, his mother’s namesake: tomorrow they will heat the oven, bake bread, let them finish baking the stone in rye dough so that the natural color of the stone becomes brighter. And already in the hallway, in a small forged chest on a bread chest, other finds lie: tourmalines - schors, citrines, morions and crystals the size of a fist or others a little smaller.
